Individualism and collectivism are two competing philosophical and social movements that have divided the world for centuries.Their origins can be traced back to ancient times.They are founded on different interpretations of the value and place of freedom and equality in society.While their rivalry is ancient, it is also evolving and taking on ever
Acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib is associated with a second mutation in the EGFR kinase domain.
Lung adenocarcinomas from patients who respond to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa) or erlotinib (Tarceva) usually harbor somatic gain-of-function mutations in exons encoding the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).Despite initial responses, patients eventually progress by unknown mechanisms of "acquired" re
Non-invasive detection of urothelial cancer through the analysis of driver gene mutations and aneuploidy
Current non-invasive approaches for detection of urothelial cancers are suboptimal.We developed invertatop squeeze bottle a test to detect urothelial neoplasms using DNA recovered from cells shed into urine.UroSEEK incorporates massive parallel sequencing assays for mutations in 11 genes and copy number changes on 39 chromosome arms.In 570 patients